Has the Indian Patents Act succeeded in ensuring access to affordable medicine?

Prof Biswajit Dhar (in The Leaflet, 16 April 2025) argues that the major flexibilities in the Indian Patent Act – Section 3(d) and the compulsory licensing system – to make medicines affordable, have been under-implemented. As prices of medicines have skyrocketed, secondary patenting has proliferated while compulsory licensing has been invoked only once.

In full here.